Highlights H1/H3 cross-reactive head antibodies were isolated after seasonal flu vaccination These cross-subtype antibodies target a conserved HA epitope involving residue 145 Antibodies targeting this epitope were enriched in people born in the 1990s H1N1s recently acquired a substitution that abrogated binding of these antibodies Summary Influenza virus cross-subtype antibodies targeting epitopes in the hemagglutinin (HA) head are rare because these epitopes are variable be

Highlight This review examines the evolutionary origin, regulation, and functional diversification of IFN stimulated genes in vertebrates. Evolutionary pathways of IGS, with gene gain and loss, and their connection with redundancy and robustness are discussed. Abstract Interferons (IFNs) are central regulators of innate antiviral immunity, acting through conserved signalling pathways to induce a diverse repertoire of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). IFNs have been identifi

Highlights VMT restores skin N-bc2S1P linked to early neurodevelopment in cesarean-born neonates N-bc2S1P engages β-arrestin1-biased S1PR2 signaling in forebrain excitatory neurons β-arrestin1-biased S1PR2 signaling recruits AP-1/CBP to increase Notch H3K27ac Engineered S. epidermidis sustains N-bc2S1P and extends rescue of CS-associated deficits Summary Cesarean section (CS) bypasses neonatal exposure to maternal vaginal microbiota, leaving the metabolic contribution of skin

Highlights A probiotic-integrated semi-closed RAS protocol significantly improved growth (+0.08%/day) and survival (+6.9%) in Cynoglossus semilaevis. Probiotic treatment reshaped the gut microbiota from Vibrio dominance to a Photobacterium-enriched community and altered quorum sensing pathways. Metagenomics revealed enhanced CAZyme activity and nutrient metabolism potential in the probiotic group. Multi-tissue transcriptomics demonstrated coordinated immune activation (NF-κB,