Highlights The transition from a planktonic to a sessile lifestyle in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 is driven by a massive transcriptomic reprogramming involving 17.7% of the genome. Sessile growth involves cell envelope remodeling and lower anabolic activity. While nitrogen deficiency and salinity promote biofilm formation, iron deficiency exerts contrasting effects on sessile development. Stress-adaptation pathways are directly linked to biofilm development. Abstract Cyanobacteria

ABSTRACT Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is naturally contained within the mitochondria and nucleus of cells. DNA localized outside of these areas is generally considered to constitute damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) that trigger innate immune responses. The variety of these immune-stimulatory nucleic acids, coupled with the variety of proteins known to interact with DNA DAMPS and to act as sensors or regulators, is an important layer of regulation that defines the na

Highlights Climate change and environmental stressors are major drivers affecting global food security and agricultural sustainability. Microbial communities play a central role in nutrient cycling, plant health, and ecosystem resilience. Climate variability alters microbial diversity, functions, and plant–microbe interactions. Beneficial microorganisms enhance crop tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Microbiome-based strategies offer sustainable alternatives to chemica

Highlights H1/H3 cross-reactive head antibodies were isolated after seasonal flu vaccination These cross-subtype antibodies target a conserved HA epitope involving residue 145 Antibodies targeting this epitope were enriched in people born in the 1990s H1N1s recently acquired a substitution that abrogated binding of these antibodies Summary Influenza virus cross-subtype antibodies targeting epitopes in the hemagglutinin (HA) head are rare because these epitopes are variable be

Highlight This review examines the evolutionary origin, regulation, and functional diversification of IFN stimulated genes in vertebrates. Evolutionary pathways of IGS, with gene gain and loss, and their connection with redundancy and robustness are discussed. Abstract Interferons (IFNs) are central regulators of innate antiviral immunity, acting through conserved signalling pathways to induce a diverse repertoire of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). IFNs have been identifi

Highlights VMT restores skin N-bc2S1P linked to early neurodevelopment in cesarean-born neonates N-bc2S1P engages β-arrestin1-biased S1PR2 signaling in forebrain excitatory neurons β-arrestin1-biased S1PR2 signaling recruits AP-1/CBP to increase Notch H3K27ac Engineered S. epidermidis sustains N-bc2S1P and extends rescue of CS-associated deficits Summary Cesarean section (CS) bypasses neonatal exposure to maternal vaginal microbiota, leaving the metabolic contribution of skin

Highlights A probiotic-integrated semi-closed RAS protocol significantly improved growth (+0.08%/day) and survival (+6.9%) in Cynoglossus semilaevis. Probiotic treatment reshaped the gut microbiota from Vibrio dominance to a Photobacterium-enriched community and altered quorum sensing pathways. Metagenomics revealed enhanced CAZyme activity and nutrient metabolism potential in the probiotic group. Multi-tissue transcriptomics demonstrated coordinated immune activation (NF-κB,

Highlights CCBs bind the inner pore of the HCMV US21 viroporin and abolish pUS21-mediated ER Ca2+ leakage. CCBs inhibit HCMV replication. CCBs prevent the cytobiological consequences of pUS21 expression. CCBs treatment restores ER Ca2+ levels to those of control cells. CCBs do not affect basal intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Abstract The Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) US21 protein is a calcium-conducting viroporin that modulates intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, safeguards cells

Highlights Translation measurements reveal how microbes allocate resources in communities Functional profiles predict microbial competition and niche allocation Predictions enable rational design of prebiotic and probiotic interventions Interventions enable targeted modulation of complex microbiomes in vitro and in vivo Summary Microbiome science has greatly expanded our understanding of microbial life and its roles in the environment and human health. Yet microbiome scien

Highlights Bacterial CD-NTase synthesizes 2'3'-cGAMP with mammalian cGAS-like enzymatic properties 2'3'-cGAMP drives stepwise monomer-to-filament assembly of 3TM-SAVED family effectors Filament assembly reconfigures TM helices and amphipathic hairpins to shear membranes Vertical membrane shearing defines a distinct mode of membrane disruption Summary Cyclic-oligonucleotide-based anti-phage signaling system (CBASS), a central prokaryotic antiviral strategy and evolutionary anc

Highlights Borrelia spirochetes have a unique mechanism to evade host immune system. Borrelia persica has one chromosome, 12 linear and one circular plasmids. Telomeric hairpin motifs were detected in the chromosome and linear plasmids. Plasmid profiles remained stable after one year of continuous in vitro culture. A Vlp common variable region kept the same external position across structures. Abstract Antigenic variation enables immune evasion of pathogens, yet the mechanism

Highlights Neurospora crassa has lower sugar metabolic gene redundancy than Aspergillus niger The mating type of N. crassa affects growth of sugar metabolic deletion strains We present a strongly improved sugar metabolic model for N. crassa Abstract The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa has been a model organism for understanding many fundamental aspects of eukaryotic biology. Here, we constructed a genome-scale model of its sugar metabolism based on the sugar metab

Highlights HapX is essential for iron-limited growth in Talaromyces marneffei . Deletion of hapX impairs siderophore biosynthesis and disrupts iron-responsive gene regulation. Loss of HapX reduces conidiation, conidial germination, and stress tolerance (cell wall, membrane, and nitrosative stress). The Δ hapX mutant shows increased susceptibility to amphotericin B. HapX is required for intracellular survival and full virulence in infection models. . Abstract Talaromycosis i

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective therapy for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection and is increasingly being explored for other microbiota-associated diseases. However, general research has largely focused on bacterial engraftment, overlooking the contribution of the gut virome. In this perspective, we highlight phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer (HGT) as a potentially influential process occurring following FMT. Donor-derived phages may po

Article highlights Screening of 578 Mucorales isolates from clinical and fermented food indicated that endosymbiotic bacteria occur exclusively in Rhizopus species. 16S rDNA sequencing and FISH analyses confirmed Mycetohabitans as the predominant bacterial symbiont detected in pathogenic Rhizopus strains. A Rhizopus homothallicus isolate was found to harbor Mycetohabitans sp. showing 98.37% 16S rRNA similarity to M. rhizoxinica , suggesting a potential novel spec

Highlights Long-term organic-free enrichment with hydrothermal sulfide/iron-rich sediment successfully constructed diverse sulfur-oxidizing communities. 36 potential sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (including 10 novel species) were isolated from the mineral-enriched community. Sulfitobacter sp. L-8 and Roseovarius sp. B-10 achieved 68%–93% thiosulfate consumption and mediated diverse and significant mineral transformation. This study connects microbial sulfur-oxidizing metabolis

Highlights High rhizosphere microbial diversity improves soybean performance under drought Diversity-triggered 2-naphthoic acid accumulates under drought stress Sinorhizobium CS204 senses 2-naphthoic acid via chemoreceptors and ABC transporters S .CS204-metabolite synergy boosts nitrogen cycling and plant drought tolerance Summary Rhizosphere microbiomes are essential for plant growth and stress tolerance, yet how microbial diversity shapes drought resilience in soybean rema

Highlights Microbiota-driven inflammation and lipid uptake drive intestinal ILC3 lipotoxicity Inflammatory signaling suppresses fatty acid oxidation in ILC3s but not Th17 cells ILC3-specific immunometabolic vulnerability is conserved in intestine of mice and human HFD-mediated intestinal ILC3 depletion is reversible upon dietary normalization Summary Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are key sensors of the intestinal environment, integrating dietary and microbial cues to

Highlights A global atlas and biogeography of human bacterial pathogens in soils are reported Dominant human bacterial pathogens are more abundant in wet ecosystems worldwide Soil biodiversity is negatively associated with the prevalence of human pathogens Many dominant pathogens are likely to increase their proportion in future climates Summary Soil-inhabiting pathogens threaten human health, but their biogeography and associations with soil biodiversity remain poorly unders

Highlights Bacteria were more abundant in coco coir, particularly in stationary clinostats Pseudomonadota and Actinomycetota phyla were abundant under simulated gravity Biomarkers were highest in horizontal clinostats' coco coir under simulated gravity The GT2 and GT4 classes of glycosyl transferases were abundant in coco-coir samples The top four antibiotic resistance genes were adeF, vanY, vanT , and qacG ABSTRACT Kale is a member of the Brassicaceae family and conta