Highlights Disinfectants trigger adaptive, strain-specific responses in Arcobacter butzleri. Overexpression of AMR and virulence genes in A. butzleri. Antibiotics induced limited transcriptomic changes. Abstract The rapid emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pose a major global threat to public health. Beyond antibiotics, disinfectants used in food-processing environments may also exert selective pressure that promotes bacterial responses overlapping with an

Highlights Antibodies direct viruses and bacteria for post-infection xenophagy TRIM21 regulates ADX via its ubiquitination activity ADX protects against pathogenic Salmonella infection in vivo Summary TRIM21 is an exceptionally versatile ubiquitin ligase that can be directed by antibodies to target oligomeric protein scaffolds, viral capsids, and proteopathic aggregates for intracellular degradation. How the cell degrades these typically resistant substrates remains poorly un

Highlights Mucin modulates phage-host dynamics in Yersinia enterocolitica. Temperature and nutrient availability further shape phage infection outcomes. Bacterial pre-exposure to mucin leads to 2-log increase in phage titers. Mucin supplementation reduces biofilm formation in all tested conditions. Phage-resistant variants carry mutations in metabolism, quorum sensing, antimicrobial resistance genes. Abstract Mucosal barriers serve as a multifunctional interface and nutrient-

Highlights HCAs dominate meconium (>50%) as primary bile acids produced by fetal CYP3A7 HCAs shape intestinal immune tolerance by promoting Treg cells and suppressing Th17 cells High neonatal HCAs protect against gastrointestinal disorders and infections Summary Bile acids (BAs) are essential for regulating metabolism, immune responses, and host immunity-gut microbiome interactions. Here, we report that in human newborns, hyocholic acid (HCA) species constitute 51.03% of tota